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Gain | Gain is the same as the contrast control on your TV. It is a
multiplication of the signal. In math terms, it controls the slope of
the exposure/time curve. The camera should normally be operated at the
lowest gain possible, because gain not only multiplies the signal, but
also multiplies the noise. Gain comes in very handy when you require a
short exposure (say, because the object is moving and you do not want
any blur), but do not have adequate lighting. In this situation the gain
can be increased so that the image signal is strong. | Gamma | Gamma is the exponent in a power-law relationship between video or pixel
values and the displayed brightness. Each pixel in a digital image has
a certain level of brightness ranging from black (0) to white (1).
These pixel values serve as the input for your computer monitor. Due to
technical limitations, CRT monitors output these values in a nonlinear
way: When unadjusted, most CRT monitors have a gamma of 2.5 which means
that pixels with a brightness of 0.5, will be displayed with a
brightness of only 0.52.5= 0.18 in non-colormanaged applications. LCDs,
in particular those on notebooks, tend to have rather irregularly shaped
output curves. Calibration via software and/or hardware ensures that
the monitor outputs the image based on a predetermined gamma curve,
typically 2.2 for Windows, which is approximately the inverse of the
response of the human vision. The sRGB and Adobe RGB color spaces are
also based on a gamma of 2.2. A monitor with a gamma equal to 1.0 would
respond in a linear way (Output = Input) and images created on a system
with a gamma of 2.2 would appear flat and overly bright in non-color
managed applications. | General Purpose CPU
| An
off-the-shelf central processing unit developed for personal computers
but also deployable in other devices requiring compute power. Example:
Intel Pentium processor. | General Zoom Lens
| Zoomed lenses without a macro capability (See "Zoom Lenses".) | GIF | GIF = Graphics Interchange Format GIF is one of the most common file
formats used for images in web pages. There are two versions of the
format, 87a and 89a. Version 89a supports animations, i.e. a short
sequence of images within a single GIF file. A GIF89a can also be
specified for interlaced presentation. | Gigabit Ethernet
| Gigabit Ethernet is an industry standard interface used for high-speed
computer networks that is now being adapted as a camera interface. This
generalized networking interface is being adapted for use as a standard
interface for high-performance machine vision cameras that is called
GigE Vision. | GigE Vision
| GigE Vision is a new interface standard, published by the AIA, for
high-performance machine vision cameras. GigE (Gigabit Ethernet), on the
other hand, is simply the network structure on which GiGE Vision is
built. The GigE Vision standard includes both a hardware interface
standard (Gigabit Ethernet), communications protocols, and standardized
camera control registers. The camera control registers are based on a
command structure called GenICam. GenICam seeks to establish a common
software interface so that third party software can communicate with
cameras from various manufacturers without customization. GenICam is
incorporated as part of the GigE Vision standard. GigE Vision is
analogous to FireWire's DCAM, or IIDC interface standard and has great
value for reducing camera system integration costs and for improving
ease of use. | GigE VisionTM
| "GigE " is an
Ethernet protocol involving transmission rates of 1 Gbps (gigabits per
second). GigE VisionTM is a new AIA standard that allows cameras to take
advantage of GigE transmission rates. | Global Pipelined Shutter
| A global pipelined shutter assures that the integration for all pixels
starts and stops at the same moment in time. The integration of the next
image is possible during the readout of the previously captured image. | Global Shutter
| All pixels are exposed to the light at the same moment and for the same time span. | GOF | GOF connection is a glass fiber connection that conforms to 1394b. The
advantage of this is the galvanic disconnection between the camera and
the PC (e.g. for medical purposes) and the enhanced cable distance (up
to 500 m, with GOF "only" in the range of up to 20 m). Beside the
optional GOF port in the (PIKE) camera, AVT offers 1394b cards with GOF
interface for a point-to-point connection between the camera and the PC.
Beside the GOF connector PIKE cameras have the bilingual connector.
This is a copper connection, which is able to "speak" 1394a & 1394b. |
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