| Saturation | In color theory, saturation or purity is the intensity of a specific
hue. It is based on the color's purity; a highly saturated hue has a
vivid, intense color, while a less saturated hue appears more muted and
grey. With no saturation at all, the hue becomes a shade of gray.
Saturation is one of three coordinates in the HSL color space and the
HSV color space. The saturation of a color is determined by a
combination of light intensity and how much it is distributed across the
spectrum of different wavelengths. The purest color is achieved by
using just one wavelength at a high intensity such as in laser light. If
the intensity drops the saturation also drops. |
Scalable Mode
| Scalable mode allows selection of an area within a full image for output. |
| Sensitivity | Sensitivity is a measure of how
sensitive the camera sensor is to light input. Unfortunately there is no
standardized method of describing sensitivity for digital CCD or CMOS
cameras. |
| Sensor Frame Rate
| Frame rate,
sample rate, capture rate and image (or camera) speed are
interchangeable terms. Measured in frames per second, the imager's speed
is one of the most important considerations in motion capture analysis.
The frame rate is determined after considering the speed of the event,
the size of the area under study, the number of images needed to obtain
all the event's essential information, and the frame rates that are
available from the motion analyzer being used. For example, at 1,000
fps, a picture is taken once every millisecond. |
Sentry 9000
| High Performance CPU - Integrated Support for Area and Line Scan
Cameras - Multiple Camera Integration - Flexible Image Trigger - Direct
Digital I/O Signal Interface - LCD Touch Panel - Compact Factory Ready
Industrial Package - Variety of Communication Interface Options
|
| Shading | The variation of the brightness or relative illumination over the
surface of an object, often caused by color variations or surface
curvature. |
Signal-to-noise Ratio
| Also called SNR; Signal-to-noise
ratio specifies the quality of a signal with regard to its reproduction
of intensities. The value signifies how high the ratio of noise is in
regard to the maximum wanted signal intensity expected. The higher this
value, the better the signal quality. The unit of measurement used is
generally known as the decibel (dB), a logarithmic power level. 6 dB is
the signal level at approximately a factor of 2. However, the advantages
of increasing signal quality are accompanied by a reduction in
resolution. |
Signal-to-noise Separation
| Signal-to-noise separation specifies the quality of a signal with regard
to its reproduction of intensities. The value signifies how high the
ratio of noise is in regard to the maximum wanted signal intensity
expected. The higher this value, the better the signal quality. The
unit of measurement used is generally known as the decibel (dB), a
logarithmic power level. 6 dB is the signal level at approximately a
factor of 2. However, the advantages of increasing signal quality are
accompanied by a reduction in resolution. |
Smart Camera
| A term for a complete vision system contained in the camera body itself,
including imaging, image processing and decision making functions.
While the common smart cameras are intended just for the dedicated
systems, the latest PC technology enables development of devices fully
compatible with desktop PCs. This category of smart cameras thus
provides a standard API and thus much wider functionality. |
| Smart Sensor
| A photo sensor with minimal vision algorithms |
| Smear | Smear is an undesirable artifact of
CCDs that appears in the picture as a vertical streak above and below a
very bright object in the scene. Smear is caused by parasitic light
getting into the vertical transfer registers. It is greatly reduced by
the micro-lens type of CCD used in Hyper HAD and Power HAD sensors.
Almost suppressed in FIT CCDs. |
Smoothing-Gaussian
| Gaussian filtering based on the kernel. Attenuates the variations of
light intensity in the neighborhood of a pixel. The Gaussian kernel has
the following model: a d c b x b c d a where a, b, c and d are integers
and x < 1. |
Smoothing-Local Average
| Local averaging of the image pixels based on the kernel. |
| Smoothing-Lowpass | Lowpass filtering. Smooths images by eliminating details and blurring edges. |
Smoothing-Median
| Median filtering. Each pixel is assigned the median value of its neighborhood. |
| SNR | SNR = signal-to-noise ratio |
| Specularity | The amount of reflectivity of an object's surface |
| Spot Lighting
| High intensity illumination directed to a specific spot |
| Square | Square Root Reduces contrast in bright regions. Similar to Logarithmic but with a more gradual effect. |
Square Pixel
| Pixels of the same x and y dimensions (pixel aperture ratio PAR = 1). In
the case of rectangular (non-square) pixels (usual in TV) one must
maintain the aspect ratio when measuring objects, because the dimensions
of stored frames aren't equal to true dimensions; resolutions along x
and y axes aren't the same. Use of square pixels solves such problems -
picture elements are equally arrayed in both directions, and allow easy
addressing. Thus aspect ratio of the image does not require adjustment.
This is needed in image processing tasks requiring accurate image
measuring. Aspect ratio: The ratio of horizontal to vertical dimension
of the illuminated sensing area. Pixel aperture dimension ratio:
Defines the pixel dimension (the ratio of its width to height). This
parameter describes the resolution (granularity) and the reproduction
behavior of an image sensor area. Aspect ratio deviation: Shows the
ratio between frame store data and true dimensions of an image. |
Structuring Element
| 2D array used as a binary mask to define the neighbors of a pixel. You
can modify the structuring element by clicking its cells. If a cell is
black, it has a value of 1. If a cell is white (empty), it has a value
of 0. If cell is black, the corresponding |
| Surface Geometry
| The angularity of an object's surface, ranging from flat to very faceted |
| Sub-sampling | Sub-sampling is the process of skipping neighboring pixels (with the
same color) while being read out from the CMOS or CCD chip. CMOS
equipped MARLIN models, both color and b/w have this feature (FW >
2.03). E.g. the CCD model MARLIN F-146C is also equipped with this mode,
acting as a preview mode. Because it is realized digitally there is no
further speed increase. Sub-sampling is used primarily for 2 reasons: •
A reduction in the number of pixels and thus the amount of data while
retaining the original image area angle and image brightness • CMOS: an
increase in the frame rate. Similar to binning mode the cameras support
horizontal, vertical and h+v sub-sampling mode. |
| System Integrator
| A machine
vision (MV) company that integrates components primarily manufactured by
others to create an MV system for the specific needs of an individual
customer. Work is performed by integrators on a project-by-
project basis instead of creating products for groups of customers. |
